Embarking on the journey of gardening shrubs can be both rewarding and challenging. Among the many shrubs that can grace your garden, American hazelnuts stand out as a wonderful choice. In this guide, we will delve deep into the art of growing and caring for American hazelnuts, covering everything from planting to pest control and harvesting.
Planting American Hazelnuts
The first step in cultivating American hazelnuts is choosing the right location. These shrubs thrive in well - drained soil with a pH range of 5.5 to 7.5. They prefer full sun to partial shade, so select a spot in your garden that receives at least 4 - 6 hours of sunlight per day. When it comes to soil preparation, loosen the soil to a depth of about 12 - 18 inches and mix in some organic matter such as compost or aged manure. This will improve the soil structure and provide essential nutrients for the young hazelnut plants.
You can start American hazelnuts from seeds or nursery - grown plants. If you choose to start from seeds, soak them in water for 24 hours before planting. Plant the seeds about 1 - 2 inches deep in the prepared soil. However, starting from nursery - grown plants is often more reliable as they are already established and have a higher chance of survival. Space the plants about 8 - 10 feet apart to allow enough room for growth.
Watering and Fertilizing
Proper watering is crucial for the healthy growth of American hazelnuts. During the first year after planting, water the shrubs regularly to keep the soil moist but not waterlogged. Once established, they are relatively drought - tolerant, but still need watering during dry spells. A good rule of thumb is to provide about 1 - 2 inches of water per week, either through rainfall or irrigation.
Fertilizing American hazelnuts is also important. Apply a balanced fertilizer, such as a 10 - 10 - 10 formula, in early spring before new growth begins. Follow the package instructions for the correct amount based on the size of your shrubs. You can also add a layer of mulch around the base of the plants to help retain moisture and suppress weeds. Organic mulches like wood chips or shredded leaves are excellent choices.
Pest Control
Like any other plant, American hazelnuts are susceptible to certain pests and diseases. One of the common pests is the filbertworm. These worms can damage the nuts and reduce the yield. To control filbertworms, you can use insecticides labeled for use on hazelnuts. However, it's important to follow the safety instructions carefully. Another option is to use pheromone traps to monitor and reduce the population of male filbertworms.
Leafrollers are also a problem for American hazelnuts. These pests roll up the leaves and feed on the foliage. You can control leafrollers by pruning and removing the affected leaves. In severe cases, you may need to use an appropriate insecticide. Additionally, keeping your garden clean and free of debris can help prevent the spread of pests and diseases.
Pruning
Pruning is an essential part of caring for American hazelnuts. It helps to maintain the shape of the shrubs, improve air circulation, and promote healthy growth. Prune the shrubs in late winter or early spring while they are still dormant. Remove any dead, damaged, or diseased branches. You can also thin out the interior of the shrub to allow more sunlight to reach the center.
When pruning, use sharp and clean pruning tools to make clean cuts. Make sure to cut at a 45 - degree angle just above a bud. Avoid over - pruning, as this can stress the plant and reduce the yield.
Harvesting
American hazelnuts are typically ready for harvest in late summer to early fall, usually around August to September. The nuts are ready when the husks turn brown and start to split open. You can harvest the nuts by gently shaking the branches or by hand - picking them from the ground. Once harvested, remove the husks and let the nuts dry in a well - ventilated area for about a week.
After drying, store the nuts in a cool, dry place. They can be stored in airtight containers for several months. American hazelnuts are not only delicious but also rich in nutrients, making them a great addition to your diet.
In conclusion, growing and caring for American hazelnuts can be a fulfilling experience. By following these tips on planting, watering, fertilizing, pest control, pruning, and harvesting, you can enjoy a bountiful harvest of these wonderful shrubs in your garden.